Chapter 10 Ancient Rome
Lesson 1 Rome’s Beginnings
I. A Perfect Location
A. Romulus and Remus – raised by a wolf
B. Italy
1. Peninsula
2. Shaped like a boot
3. Boot kicks Sicily
4. Tiber River runs across peninsula
II. The Romans Learn from Other Cultures
A. Ships brought goods up Tiber River to Rome
B. Early people called Latins
C. Later called Romans
III. Etruscan Rule
A. Etruscans
1. Took over Rome – 600 B.C.
2. Built aqueducts
B. Junius Brutus
1. Roman leader
2. Forces Etruscan king out of Rome
Lesson 2 The Roman Republic
I. The Roman Spirit
A. Two groups of citizens
1. Patricians – wealthy and powerful
2. Plebeians
a. 90% of citizens
b. Farmers, soldiers, merchants
B. All citizens inspired by stories of courage, honor, and loyalty
II. How the Romans Governed Themselves
A. Republic – citizens vote, or choose their leaders
B. Representatives – people who are elected
C. Senate
1. Governing body
2. Made up of patricians
D. Tribunes
1. Appointed by Senate
2. Protected rights of plebeians
3. Stopped action by shouting “Veto!”
III. Wars with Carthage
A. Punic Wars
1. Fought between Carthage and Rome
2. Lasted 120 years
3. Three wars
B. Hannibal
1. Carthaginian general in 2nd war
2. Took army across Alps
3. Used elephants
C. Carthage was defeated in all three wars
IV. The Republic Ends
A. Julius Caesar
1. Conquered most of Europe
2. “Veni, vedi, vici.” – “I came. I saw.
I conquered.”
3. Made ruler for life.
B. Patricians worried Caesar was too powerful
C. 44 B.C. – Caesar stabbed to death on Senate floor
D. Roman Republic ended
V. Appian Way
A. Most famous Roman road
B. More then 350 miles
Lesson 3 The Roman Empire
I. The Pax Romana
A. Augustus
1. Ruled from 27 B.C. to A.D. 14
2. Brought order and stability to Rome
3. Centralized the government
4. His rule brought peace
B. Pax Romana
1. Latin for “the Roman Peace”
2. Lasted 200 years
II. The Good Emperors and the Bad
A. Good
1. Augustus
2. Claudius
3. Marcus Aurelius
B. Bad
1. Caligula
2. Nero
III. Government and Law
A. People in Roman Empire:
1. Spoke Latin
2. Defended by Roman armies
3. Obeyed Roman laws
a. Innocent until proven guilty
b. Accused can defend themselves
c. Judges interpret the law
d. People have rights no government can take away
B. Much of legal system of U.S. based on Roman laws
IV. Entertainment
A. Colosseum
1. Roman arena
2. Could seat 50,000 people
B. Gladiators
1. Professional fighters
2. Fought animals or each other often to the death
Lesson 1 Rome’s Beginnings
I. A Perfect Location
A. Romulus and Remus – raised by a wolf
B. Italy
1. Peninsula
2. Shaped like a boot
3. Boot kicks Sicily
4. Tiber River runs across peninsula
II. The Romans Learn from Other Cultures
A. Ships brought goods up Tiber River to Rome
B. Early people called Latins
C. Later called Romans
III. Etruscan Rule
A. Etruscans
1. Took over Rome – 600 B.C.
2. Built aqueducts
B. Junius Brutus
1. Roman leader
2. Forces Etruscan king out of Rome
Lesson 2 The Roman Republic
I. The Roman Spirit
A. Two groups of citizens
1. Patricians – wealthy and powerful
2. Plebeians
a. 90% of citizens
b. Farmers, soldiers, merchants
B. All citizens inspired by stories of courage, honor, and loyalty
II. How the Romans Governed Themselves
A. Republic – citizens vote, or choose their leaders
B. Representatives – people who are elected
C. Senate
1. Governing body
2. Made up of patricians
D. Tribunes
1. Appointed by Senate
2. Protected rights of plebeians
3. Stopped action by shouting “Veto!”
III. Wars with Carthage
A. Punic Wars
1. Fought between Carthage and Rome
2. Lasted 120 years
3. Three wars
B. Hannibal
1. Carthaginian general in 2nd war
2. Took army across Alps
3. Used elephants
C. Carthage was defeated in all three wars
IV. The Republic Ends
A. Julius Caesar
1. Conquered most of Europe
2. “Veni, vedi, vici.” – “I came. I saw.
I conquered.”
3. Made ruler for life.
B. Patricians worried Caesar was too powerful
C. 44 B.C. – Caesar stabbed to death on Senate floor
D. Roman Republic ended
V. Appian Way
A. Most famous Roman road
B. More then 350 miles
Lesson 3 The Roman Empire
I. The Pax Romana
A. Augustus
1. Ruled from 27 B.C. to A.D. 14
2. Brought order and stability to Rome
3. Centralized the government
4. His rule brought peace
B. Pax Romana
1. Latin for “the Roman Peace”
2. Lasted 200 years
II. The Good Emperors and the Bad
A. Good
1. Augustus
2. Claudius
3. Marcus Aurelius
B. Bad
1. Caligula
2. Nero
III. Government and Law
A. People in Roman Empire:
1. Spoke Latin
2. Defended by Roman armies
3. Obeyed Roman laws
a. Innocent until proven guilty
b. Accused can defend themselves
c. Judges interpret the law
d. People have rights no government can take away
B. Much of legal system of U.S. based on Roman laws
IV. Entertainment
A. Colosseum
1. Roman arena
2. Could seat 50,000 people
B. Gladiators
1. Professional fighters
2. Fought animals or each other often to the death